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5 March 2004 10:38Herman Tavani - "Ethics and Technology"
Tavani constantly uses the term "Cyber" when referring to computer-related and digital issues. "Cyberethics," "cyberrelated" and "cyberissues" are some of the more common buzzwords.
How to write eloquently and still sound like a twonk.
Tavani constantly uses the term "Cyber" when referring to computer-related and digital issues. "Cyberethics," "cyberrelated" and "cyberissues" are some of the more common buzzwords.
How to write eloquently and still sound like a twonk.
Cybernetics
Date: 5 Mar 2004 01:19 (UTC)===========================
Origins of "cybernetics"
The term itself originated in 1947 when Norbert Wiener used it to name a discipline apart from, but touching upon, such established disciplines as electrical engineering, mathematics, biology, neurophysiology, anthropology, and psychology. Wiener, Arturo Rosenblueth and Julian Bigelow needed a new word to refer to their new concept, and they adapted a Greek word meaning "steersman" to invoke the rich interaction of goals, predictions, actions, feedback and response in systems of all kinds (the term "governor" derives from the same root) [Wiener 1948]. Early applications in the control of physical systems (aiming artillery, designing electrical circuits and maneuvering simple robots) clarified the fundamental roles of these concepts in engineering; but the relevance to social systems and the softer sciences was also clear from the start. Many researchers from the 1940s through 1960 worked solidly within the tradition of cybernetics without necessarily using the term, some likely (R. Buckminster Fuller) but many less obviously (Gregory Bateson, Margaret Mead).
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